Royalties and taxes paid

The Combine is one of the largest taxpayers of the ISEZ. The table shows its main payments to the ISEZ budget.

Payments to the ISEZ budget, US$ m

Payment	2023	2024	2025
Royalties and antimony export duty	18	31	46
Profit tax	6	14	23
Payroll taxes and social contributions	9	10	11
Land, water and environmental fees	1	1	2
Total	34	56	82

Figures are management data and have not been independently audited. Royalties and export duty are deducted by the Irad Foreign Trade Escrow Authority from export proceeds held in escrow at Talasbank before the balance is released to the Combine.

Royalty regime

Royalties are set under the Hydrocarbon and Mining Code of 1995. A revised royalty schedule for stibnite concentrate was introduced in 2018. Under formulas adopted by the Territorial Legislature in the 1990s, antimony revenue is divided between infrastructure in Talas and rural schools.